The periodontium is a connective tissue consisting of four components: cementum, the periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, and gingival tissue.

What is the most important tissue component of the periodontium?

The two mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone, are the abutments to which the fibrous periodontal ligament anchors the tooth into the skeleton. The gingiva is the covering tissue of the periodontium and offers immediate protection for the underlying tissues as well as additional attachment of the tooth.

What cells make up the gums?

The cells featured in the study are gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC), which are found in the gingiva, or gum tissue, within the mouth. GMSC, like other stem cells, have the ability to develop into different types of cells as well as affect the immune system.

What are the periodontal structures?

Periodontal tissues include four defined structures: gingiva, cementum, alveolar bone, and the periodontal ligament.

What is a periodontium definition?

Medical Definition of periodontium

: the supporting structures of the teeth including the cementum, the periodontal ligament, the bone of the alveolar process, and the gums.

Periodontium Introductory Concepts

25 related questions found

What does the periodontium consist of and what is its function?

The periodontium is a complex structure composed of the gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone (Figure 11-1). The primary functions of the periodontium are to allow the tooth to be attached to the bone and to provide a barrier for the underlying structures from the oral microflora.

What is periodontium Slideshare?

Introduction  The periodontium is simply defined as the tissues supporting and investing the tooth - consists of cementum, PDL, bone lining the alveolus & that part of the gingiva facing the tooth.

Which of the following is the part of the periodontium that is attached to the root surface?

Cementum is a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. The cementum is the part of the periodontium that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament.

How the tooth is related to its periodontium?

The actual tooth has an outer layer of cementum around its root. The cementum is mostly made up of minerals, but also contains collagen fibers. It is very tightly connected to the ligament, binding the root of the tooth to the rest of the periodontium.

Where is attached gingiva?

The gingival sulcus, or crevice, is therefore created between tooth and mucosa; its depth varies from 0.1 to 0.3 cm. The attached gingiva extends from the free gingival groove to the beginning of the alveolar crest and is continuous with the alveolar mucosa.

What is attached gingiva made of?

The gingiva is composed of fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane that is firmly attached to the periosteum of the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla. The lower gingiva includes the mucosa covering the mandible from the gingival-buccal gutter to the origins of the mobile mucosa on the floor of the mouth.

What is the alveolar process?

The alveolar process is the thick ridge of bone in the jaw that holds the dental alveoli, or tooth sockets. The dental alveoli hold the roots of the teeth in place, and in case of a dental implant, the alveolar process holds implant hardware in place.

Is gums a polymer?

The base of chewing gum is made up of polymers, which give the characteristic chewiness and ability to be deformed and not break down. The first chewing gums were made of naturally occurring polymers that could be derived from trees and other plants.

What is the role of collagen in the Periodontium?

It consists of cells, which are embedded in the extracellular matrix. Collagen plays the main role for the function of the periodontal unit. ... Collagen type I, as a characteristic collagen type of the hard tissues, has been demonstrated by thick collagen fibers in the alveolar bone and in the gingival connective tissue.

Which tissue in the Periodontium is not attached to the tooth and forms a collar around the tooth?

Free gingiva – This tissue is not attached and forms a collar around the tooth.

How much attached gingiva is essential?

Lang and Loe⁵ advocated a minimum of 2 mm of gingiva (1 mm free gingiva and 1 mm attached gingiva) to maintain gingival health, as teeth with less than 2 mm exhibited clinical signs of inflammation, even in the presence of good oral hygiene.

Which part of the tooth can be repaired by Odontoblasts?

In the tooth, the odontoblasts, which line the outermost part of the pulp and are responsible for the formation of dentine, play a central role in the barrier function and thus in the defence mechanisms of the tooth. The micro-organisms in the caries lesion can reach the pulp via the dentinal tubules.

Are your teeth attached to your jaw?

The root of the tooth extends down into the jawbone. The root contains blood vessels and nerves, which supply blood and feeling to the whole tooth. This area is known as the "pulp" of the tooth. The jawbone is attached to all of the teeth.

Can Pulpitis spread?

Irreversible pulpitis may lead to a type of infection called periapical abscess. This infection develops at the root of the tooth, where it causes a pocket of pus to form. If not treated, this infection can spread to other parts of the body, such as the sinuses, jaw, or brain.

What is fenestration and dehiscence?

Fenestration is the condition, in which the bony coverage of the root surface is lost, and the root surface is only covered by the periosteum and gingiva. In such lesions, marginal bone is intact. When this bone defect spreads toward the marginal bone, it is called dehiscence.[1]

Where are Cementicles found?

Cementicles are spherical calcified bodies lying free in the periodontal membrane. They may also be incorporated within the cementum or the alveolar bone or even within the bone marrow spaces of the tension side of drifting or moved teeth.

What do Cementocytes do?

Cementum is a mineralized tissue covering the tooth root that functions in tooth attachment and posteruptive adjustment of tooth position.

What are the two types of gingiva?

There are two types of gingivae that are clearly recognizable and they are known as the marginal gingiva that is mobile, and the attached gingiva.

What is PDL in dentistry?

Introduction. The periodontal ligament, commonly known as the PDL, is a soft connective tissue between the inner wall of the alveolar socket and the roots of the teeth. It consists of collagen bands (mostly type I collagen) connecting the cementum of teeth to the gingivae and alveolar bone.

What is the width of attached gingiva?

The width of attached gingiva is the distance between the mucogingival junction to projection of the external surface of the bottom of the sulcus or the periodontal pocket.